home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
-
-
-
- - 1 -
-
-
-
- 3. _D_i_g_i_t_a_l__A_u_d_i_o
-
-
- An IRIS Audio Processor is included with the Personal IRIS
- 4D/3X, IRIS Indigo, Indigo, and Indy systems. Included
- with the audio system are a number of utility programs for
- recording, processing, and playing digital audio. This
- section details the changes, known bugs, and caveats in the
- audio system itself, as well as in most of the bundled audio
- utilities. The exceptions to this are _s_o_u_n_d_e_d_i_t_o_r,
- _s_o_u_n_d_f_i_l_e_r, _c_d_m_a_n, and _d_a_t_m_a_n, for which release notes may
- be found under the "Digital Media Tools" section.
-
-
- 3.1 _A_u_d_i_o__S_y_s_t_e_m
-
-
-
- 3.1.1 _C_h_a_n_g_e_s__a_n_d__A_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_s The audio system in IRIS
- Digital Media Execution Environment 5.5 is the same as the
- 5.3 version.
-
- This section lists changes and additions made between the
- 5.2 and 5.3 releases.
-
-
- +o IRIX 5.3 includes support for accurate synchronization
- between audio and other media. For information on how
- to use these new features, please refer to the
- dmedia_dev release notes and the Digital Media
- Programmer's Guide.
-
- +o The performance of the monitor function has been
- significantly improved. It requires substantially less
- CPU and has much lower latency from input to output.
-
- +o The audio driver is now dynamically loadable. It is
- automatically registered on systems which have audio
- capabilities, and will be loaded upon the first
- attempted use of audio.
-
-
- 3.1.2 _B_u_g__F_i_x_e_s
-
- +o 5.2 had some subtle problems with sample rates in
- four-channel mode. These have been fixed in 5.3.
-
-
- 3.1.3 _C_a_v_e_a_t_s
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - 2 -
-
-
-
- +o When there is nothing physically connected to the
- digital I/O jack, it is meaningless to set the system
- sample rates in the following three ways:
-
- +o output sample rate set to match the input sample
- rate while using digital input as the system
- input.
-
- +o input sample rate set to the digital rate and the
- output rate set to match the input rate.
-
- +o input sample rate set to the digital rate and the
- output rate set to the digital input rate.
- When the system is put in any of these states, the
- sample rate is undefined.
-
- +o The IRIS Audio Processor hardware subsystem on all
- platforms except 4D/35 and 4D/30 includes a direct
- digital loopback channel, which makes a connection
- between digital out and digital in when nothing is
- plugged into the digital audio I/O jack. In effect,
- this mechanism allows you to record the current output
- of the machine by using the digital input when nothing
- is connected to the digital I/O jack.
-
- However, If you select Digital In on _a_u_d_i_o_p_a_n_e_l while
- the direct digital loopback channel is enabled, then
- select Monitor, you may hear feedback due to the
- physical loopback channel.
-
- Workaround: Avoid monitoring when Digital In is
- selected and nothing is plugged into the digital I/O
- jack (there's nothing to monitor in this case anyway).
- An alternative is to keep a jack plugged into the
- digital I/O jack (this doesn't have to be a live
- connection) to physically defeat the loopback
- mechanism.
-
-
- 3.2 _A_u_d_i_o__C_o_n_t_r_o_l__P_a_n_e_l__(_a_u_d_i_o_p_a_n_e_l_)
-
-
-
- 3.2.1 _C_h_a_n_g_e_s__a_n_d__A_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_s The Audio Control Panel in
- IRIS Digital Media Execution Environment 5.5 is the same as
- the 5.3 version.
-
- This section lists changes and additions made between the
- 5.2 and 5.3 releases.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - 3 -
-
-
-
- +o The on-line help information has been rewritten and
- expanded.
-
- +o Can specify AES (negative) input/output sampling rates
- on command line as arguments to -rate options.
-
- +o Added support under Options menu for control of audio
- features in Indy Presenter LCD option. This menu item
- appears only in the presence of the Presenter graphics
- option.
-
-
- 3.2.2 _B_u_g__F_i_x_e_s
-
- +o No longer crashes when switching from 2 channel to 4
- channel mode with the metering function enabled.
-
- +o Corrected delayed response of meters at low input
- sampling rates.
-
- +o audiopanel ignores X resource geometry dimensions but
- now responds to coordinates. audiopanel does not
- resize.
-
- +o audiopanel now shows all sampling rates rates, 8.82 kHz
- etc., and all AES rates, including Digital/2,
- Digital/3, etc.
-
-
- 3.2.3 _K_n_o_w_n__P_r_o_b_l_e_m_s__a_n_d__W_o_r_k_a_r_o_u_n_d_s
-
- +o If your environment variable DISPLAY is not set,
- audiopanel will not run, even with -nodisplay option.
-
- +o The input level meters do not reliably display signal
- peaks. The primary cause is the presence of DC offset,
- which is currently removed with a complementary box
- filter of length 256. This algorithm removes only a
- respectable amount of the DC offset at a minimum CPU
- cost. The secondary cause is the audiopanel metering
- routine does not keep up with the input sample stream
- at rates above 32000 Hz.
-
- +o The minimum input slider position does not correspond
- to infinite attenuation on Indy and Indigo2. This is
- an audio hardware limitation.
-
- +o audiopanel configuration files may not contain empty
- lines or comments after those that head the file.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - 4 -
-
-
-
- 3.3 _A_u_d_i_o__U_t_i_l_i_t_y__P_r_o_g_r_a_m_s
-
-
-
- IRIS Digital Media Execution Environment 5.5 includes a
- number of command-line utility programs that allow you to
- record, play back, and process sound files:
-
-
-
- The audio execution environment _d_m_e_d_i_a__e_o_e._s_w._a_u_d_i_o contains
- the following command line utility programs:
-
- +o _p_l_a_y_a_i_f_c(1) AIFF, AIFF-C sound file player
-
- +o _p_l_a_y_a_i_f_f(1) installed as a symbolic link to
- _p_l_a_y_a_i_f_c
-
- +o _s_f_p_l_a_y(1) sound file player
-
- +o _r_e_c_o_r_d_a_i_f_c(1) AIFF, AIFF-C sound file recorder
-
- +o _r_e_c_o_r_d_a_i_f_f(1) installed as a symbolic link _r_e_c_o_r_d_a_i_f_c
-
- +o _a_i_f_c_i_n_f_o(1) displays information about AIFF-C, AIFF
- files
-
- +o _s_f_i_n_f_o(1) displays information about sound files
-
- +o _a_i_f_c_r_e_s_a_m_p_l_e(1) sampling rate conversion
- utility
-
- +o _a_i_f_f_2_a_i_f_c(1) converts an AIFF file to an
- AIFF-C file
-
- +o _a_i_f_c_2_a_i_f_f(1) converts an AIFF-C file to an AIFF file
-
- +o _a_i_f_c_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s(1) converts an AIFF or AIFF-C file to a
- compressed format
-
- +o _a_i_f_c_d_e_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s(1) decompresses an AIFF-C file
-
- +o _s_f_c_o_n_v_e_r_t(1) sound file conversion utility
-
- +o _p_o_r_t_s_t_a_t(1) displays status of all open audio ports
- on system
-
- +o _r_b_v_i_e_w(1) graphically displays status of audio
- ports
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - 5 -
-
-
-
- +o _p_a_s_s_t_h_r_u(1) user-level audio input monitor utility
-
-
- The audio execution environment _d_m_e_d_i_a__e_o_e._s_w._a_u_d_i_o also
- contains these DSO's (dynamically shared objects):
-
- +o _l_i_b_a_u_d_i_o_f_i_l_e._s_o Audio File Library DSO
-
- +o _l_i_b_a_u_d_i_o_u_t_i_l._s_o Audio Utility Library DSO
-
-
- These DSO's have no dependencies on the IRIS Audio Library
- or IRIS Audio Processor hardware. The Audio File Library
- contains routines for performing AIFF/AIFF-C disk file
- access. The Audio Utility Library contains low-level
- routines for audio data conversion (most of these routines
- are invoked internally from the Audio File Library).
-
- Header files and programming guide information for the Audio
- File Library and Audio Utility Library are included with
- IRIS Digital Media Development Environment 5.3.
-
- Aware,Inc compression routines are invoked internally from
- the Audio File Library and Audio Utility Library. In order
- to enable the Aware,Inc software codecs on your system, you
- must purchase a NetLS license from Aware,Inc. See "Chapter
- 7: Compression Library Execution Environment" in these
- release notes for more information.
-
- Note that there are two different "families" of sound file
- utility commands which overlap somewhat in functionality.
- The first family of programs consists of _p_l_a_y_a_i_f[_f_c],
- _r_e_c_o_r_d_a_i_f[_f_c], _a_i_f_c_i_n_f_o, _a_i_f_f_2_a_i_f_c, _a_i_f_c_2_a_i_f_f, _a_i_f_c_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s,
- _a_i_f_c_d_e_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s, and _a_i_f_c_r_e_s_a_m_p_l_e. The second family consists
- of _s_f_p_l_a_y, _s_f_i_n_f_o, and _s_f_c_o_n_v_e_r_t.
-
- The first set of programs are built on top of the Silicon
- Graphics Audio File Library, and support the audio
- compression algorithms for AIFF-C, which are built into the
- library (CCITT G.711 and CCITT G.722, Aware,Inc MPEG and
- MultiRate codecs). 4DGifts source code for each of the
- utilities (except for _a_i_f_c_r_e_s_a_m_p_l_e, which contains
- proprietary high-quality rate-conversion code) is included
- in the IRIS Digital Media Development Environment 5.3.
-
- The second set of programs share source code with _S_o_u_n_d
- _F_i_l_e_r (included in the IRIS Digital Media Tools 5.5
- subsystem _d_m_e_d_i_a__t_o_o_l_s._s_w._s_o_u_n_d_t_o_o_l_s). These program
- support additional file formats (NeXT/Sunr, Microsoftr RIFF
- WAVE). However, they are not as full-featured as the
- programs in the first set when it comes to AIFF and AIFF-C
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - 6 -
-
-
-
- files. For example, the file conversion programs in the
- first set (_a_i_f_c_2_a_i_f_f, _a_i_f_c_r_e_s_a_m_p_l_e, etc) preserve the
- auxiliary nonaudio data (loop points, author string,
- application-specific data) stored in the various optional
- AIFF-C (AIFF) header fields. _s_f_c_o_n_v_e_r_t does not preserve
- these header chunks across conversions.
-
- We are working to simplify this somewhat confusing situation
- by merging corresponding tools from the two families (e.g.,
- combine _p_l_a_y_a_i_f_c and _s_f_p_l_a_y into a single program which
- supports both existing command-line interfaces). We hope
- that new versions of the audio utilities will be available
- by the next major IRIX release following 5.3.
-
-
- 3.3.1 _A_I_F_F_-_C__a_n_d__A_I_F_F__F_i_l_e__F_o_r_m_a_t_s Beginning with the
- IRIX 4.0.1 software release, Silicon Graphics introduced
- AIFF-C (Audio Interchange File Format with Compression
- extensions) as its standard audio interchange file format.
- The AIFF-C format is an extended version of the AIFF format,
- supported by Silicon Graphics and Apple digital media
- applications. AIFF-C files can store either compressed
- audio data or standard linear PCM data, and optionally
- include header fields that store many kinds of additional
- information such as text, sample parameters, sample frame
- markers, and application-defined data. AIFF is not a proper
- subset of the AIFF-C format. AIFF-C adds new header fields
- for compression scheme identification which break
- compatibility with the older AIFF format.
-
- By the IRIX 4.0.5F release, many of the digital media tools
- such as Sound Editor (included in
- _d_m_e_d_i_a__t_o_o_l_s._s_w._s_o_u_n_d_t_o_o_l_s) had been revised so that they
- could read both AIFF and AIFF-C input files, but would write
- only AIFF-C output files for both uncompressed and
- compressed output. Unfortunately, many popular applications
- for other platforms continue to support only the older AIFF
- format. For the 5.3 release, many of the sound file
- conversion utilities were modified so that the output file
- retains the format of the input file.
-
-
- 3.3.2 _C_h_a_n_g_e_s__a_n_d__A_d_d_i_t_i_o_n_s This section lists changes
- and additions since the 5.2 release.
-
-
- +o The new program _p_o_r_t_s_t_a_t(1) prints the status of all
- the currently open audio ports on a system.
-
- +o The new program _r_b_v_i_e_w(1) graphically displays the
- audio sample queue levels for all the open audio ports
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - 7 -
-
-
-
- on a system.
-
-
- 3.3.3 _B_u_g__F_i_x_e_s This section lists the bugs fixed since
- the 5.2 release.
-
-
- +o Restored sampling rate conversion algorithms for
- _a_i_f_c_r_e_s_a_m_p_l_e and _s_f_c_o_n_v_e_r_t: due to a tragic
- programming error, the IRIX 5.2 were rendered useless.
-
- +o _a_i_f_c_r_e_s_a_m_p_l_e now outputs a compressed file when the
- input file is compressed
-
-
- This section lists the bugs fixed since version 5.4 of the
- Digital Media Execution Environment.
-
-
- +o Fixed sample rate conversion for the 48 kHz to 44.1 kHz
- case for both _a_i_f_c_r_e_s_a_m_p_l_e and _s_f_c_o_n_v_e_r_t.
-
-
- 3.3.4 _K_n_o_w_n__P_r_o_b_l_e_m_s__a_n_d__W_o_r_k_a_r_o_u_n_d_s This section lists
- known problems in the Digital Media Execution Environment
- 5.5 release, and ways to work around them.
-
- +o MPEG audio, Awarer MultiRate and G.722 compression and
- decompression schemes are CPU-intensive.
-
- Workaround: To record or play back an AIFF-C file that
- contains mono or stereo audio data compressed using
- these algorithms, you might have to run _r_e_c_o_r_d_a_i_f_c(1)
- or _p_l_a_y_a_i_f_c(1) with a nondegrading high priority. See
- the man page _n_p_r_i(1) for information about how to do
- this. An alternative is to record and play uncompressed
- audio sample data, and compression/decompress the data
- "offline" using the utilities _a_i_f_c_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s(1) and
- _a_i_f_c_d_e_c_o_m_p_r_e_s_s(1). These utilities are included in the
- _d_m_e_d_i_a__t_o_o_l_s._s_w._s_o_u_n_d_t_o_o_l_s subsystem of IRIS Digital
- Media Tools 5.3.
-
- +o _p_l_a_y_a_i_f_c cannot decode the Apple proprietary
- compression schemes (ACE/MAC algorithms) described in
- the AIFF-C specification. Similarly, Mac sound
- applications may not be able to decode AIFF-C data
- which was encoded on an SGI workstation using MPEG
- audio compression, Aware,Inc MultiRate compression,
- G.722 compression, or G.711 compression.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
- - 8 -
-
-
-
- Workaround: Always decompress AIFF-C audio data before
- transferring between Macintosh and SGI systems.
-
- +o _s_f_c_o_n_v_e_r_t now writes little-endian integer sample
- files, but it does not yet write little-endian
- floating-point output files. Currently, the only file
- format that requires little-endian support is WAVE, and
- it does not support floating point samples, so this is
- an issue only when transferring raw floating point data
- files between an SGI platform and a little-endian
- machine.
-
- +o _s_f_i_n_f_o omits some of the audio header information
- stored in AIFF/AIFF-C files.
-
- Workaround: use _a_i_f_c_i_n_f_o to obtain a more detailed
- description of the audio data and auxiliary information
- stored in an AIFF-C or AIFF file. Note that _a_i_f_c_i_n_f_o
- understands only AIFF-C and AIFF files, while _s_f_i_n_f_o
- understands several additional formats.
-
- +o None of the AIFF-C conversion programs recognize the
- comment-marker chunk described in the AIFF-C
- specification. This chunk disappears when a file is
- converted using one of the utilities.
-
- +o The AIFF-C utility programs are not able to decode the
- Apple proprietary audio compression schemes (ACE/MAC
- algorithms) described in the AIFF-C specification.
-
- Workaround: Always uncompress AIFF-C files before
- transferring them from a Macintosh to an SGI platform.
-
- +o _a_i_f_c_r_e_s_a_m_p_l_e does not modify the optional AES channel
- status information in the AIFF-C file header to reflect
- the new sampling rate.
-
- Workaround: If the AES channel status information says
- the audio data should be played at one rate, and the
- AIFF-C (AIFF) file header says the audio data should be
- played at another rate, go with sampling rate in the
- file header.
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-